In the 2019 municipal electoral campaign, an anonymous blog leaked sex tapes and other sensitive information about Zsolt Borkai, a former Olympic champion gymnast and Fidesz mayor of the city of Győr. Gesamtbevölkerung von Tschechien bis 2050, Visegrád-Staaten im internationalen Vergleich. These developments have reconfigured the Hungarian political landscape to some extent. The economic consequences of the crisis hit the service sector especially hard, leading to increased unemployment. While the European Parliamentary election in May brought another landslide victory for the ruling coalition, the municipal elections in October achieved significant gains for the opposition. Als Faktoren gehen in die Berechnung des Demokratie-Indexes ein: Wahlprozess Since 2010, Fidesz-KDNP has reduced the powers of the Constitutional Court, packed it with loyal judges, and centralized court administration. })(); Indizes der Jahre 2006 Laut dem Demokratieindex des Jahres 2021 ist Norwegen mit insgesamt 9,75 von 10 möglichen Punkten das demokratischste Land der Welt, während das als autoritäres Regime bezeichnete Afghanistan mit 0,32 Punkten den letzten Platz belegt. Die öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunksender wurden in einer staatlichen Medienholdung zentralisiert, bei der auch die ungarische Nachrichtenagentur MIT angesiedelt wurde. Despite expectations of a rebound after the lifting of pandemic-related restrictions, the score was almost unchanged, at 5.29 (on a 0-10 scale), compared with 5.28 in 2021. The green party LMP did not clear the electoral threshold. As a result, Hungary’s Democracy Score declined from 3.96 to 3.71. Between January and April, 27 percent of the net contract value awarded in tenders was won by entrepreneurs close to the government, and 68 percent of these tenders were awarded without competition (an increase from 21 and 51 percent, respectively, in 2019). Die Regierung kontrolliere inzwischen den Großteil der Nachrichtenmedien. Democratisation suffered more reversals in 2021, with the percentage of people living in a democracy falling to well below 50% and authoritarian regimes gaining ground. Bitte erstellen Sie einen Nutzer-Account um Statistiken als Favorit markieren zu können. The ruling parties amended the Act of Parliament and the Rules of Procedure and adopted the so-called muzzle law. (Podcast Episode 2022) Parents Guide and Certifications from around the world. The amendment’s ambiguous formulation had a chilling effect on journalists and their sources, triggering self-censorship. Damit wäre es unter anderem möglich, Ungarn das Stimmrecht im Rat zu entziehen. Reinhold Vetter zeichnet…, Nationalistische Strömungen finden sich überall in Europa. Und um einen dieser rechten Posterboys geht es in der aktuellen Sendung: Viktor Orbán - früher mal liber. Dieses Buch analysiert, ob das Demokratiebarometer seinen Anspruch erfüllen kann, den Grad an Demokratiequalität in einem Land zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt festzustellen. Mit einer Wahlrechtsreform im Jahr 2011 wurde unter anderem die Zahl der Sitze im Parlament auf 199 reduziert, der zweite Wahlgang und die Interner Link: Ausgleichsmandate abgeschafft sowie die Wahlkreise neu zugeschnitten. Profitieren Sie von den zusätzlichen Funktionen Ihres individuellen Accounts. Juni 2023 zu der Missachtung der Rechtsstaatlichkeit und der Grundrechte in Ungarn und eingefrorenen EU-Geldern (2023/2691(RSP))Das Europäische Parlament, Die Parlamentswahlen im April 2010 leiteten einen grundlegenden Umbruch in der Entwicklung der ungarischen Demokratie ein. | Lexas Information Network In November, the protracted conflict was resolved after Handó was elected as justice to the Constitutional Court, a year before the end of her term. International steht die Fidesz-Regierung in der Kritik: Der Umbau von Verfassung und Medienlandschaft, die Schwächung der Opposition und zuletzt das Notstandsgesetz zur Bekämpfung der Corona-Pandemie werden als Verletzung der EU-Grundwerte wahrgenommen. The NJC, elected in January 2018, repeatedly criticized NOJ president Tünde Handó for abuse of power, for her judicial appointments, and for giving way to political influence in the judiciary. The council, a five-person regulatory body within the Media Authority. var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; In September, Budapest-Capital Regional Court ruled that the public media, Fidesz, and the youth wing of KDNP had damaged the reputation of Menedék–Hungarian Association for Migrants when they accused the organization of “bringing illegal immigrants into the country,” among other accusations. From the happy story of the transition from dictatorship to democracy, there is a looming potential tragedy, a transition from democracy. Due to the global expansion of the past decade and inflow of vast European Union (EU) structural and cohesion funds, the Hungarian economy was in relatively good shape in 2019. Das Land sei zu einem "hybriden System der Wahlautokratie" geworden: Das Europaparlament hat Ungarn in einer Erklärung den Status einer Demokratie abgesprochen. In June 2019, the Constitutional Court rejected legal challenges to the amendment, ruling that “no one shall have the right to be destitute or homeless; this state is not part of the right to human dignity.”. "Ungarn: Bewertung von Demokratie und Marktwirtschaft nach dem Bertelsmann Transformationsindex (BTI) von 2006 bis 2022." This made changing one’s officially declared gender legally impossible in Hungary. Corruption rating declined from 3.25 to 3.00 to reflect several new cases of high-profile graft and the fact that high-level corruption, unless politically inconvenient, is unchecked. Both votes took place on a significantly tilted playing field that provided the incumbent with undue advantages. All Rights Reserved. In June, the ECJ found that the so-called Lex NGO was in breach of EU law. Varje land tilldelas utifrån en sammanvägning av olika kriterier en poäng mellan 0 (lägst möjligt) och 10 (högst . Among other issues, Borkai was accused of extensive abuse of power, corruption, and drug use. The Democracy Percentage, introduced in 2020, is a translation of the Democracy Score to the 0–100 scale, where 0 equals least democratic and 100 equals most democratic. Both electoral campaigns were characterized by hostile and xenophobic rhetoric, limited space for substantive political debates, and the use of questionable campaign tools, such as leaked recordings of incumbents and opposition candidates alike. Heute führt die Nichtregierungsorganisation "Reporter ohne Grenzen" Ungarn in ihrer "Rangliste der Pressefreiheit" auf Externer Link: Platz 89 von 180 Ländern (2010: Platz 23). According to the 2019 assessment by Transparency International, Fidesz-KDNP has managed to incorporate corruption into the legal system as “a tool in the hands of the holders of public power.”. Beschränkungen blieb der Wert mit 5,29 (auf einer Skala von In February, the governing parliamentary majority suspended the payment of compensations for inmates until June and ordered the government to ensure by September that prisons are not overcrowded. Her successor, György Senyei, elected NOJ president on December 10 for a nine-year term, pledged to “place relations with the NJC on entirely new foundations, taking all possible steps to ensure harmony and order in the justice system.”. Dabei werden für jedes Land drei getrennte Dimensionen analysiert: Die Politische Transformation; die wirtschaftliche Transformation und das Transformationsmanagement. In the 2019 municipal election campaign, government politicians—including Fidesz campaign chief Lajos Kósa. Assesses constitutional and human rights protections, judicial independence, the status of ethnic minority rights, guarantees of equality before the law, treatment of suspects and prisoners, and compliance with judicial decisions. According to the new stipulation, which followed the opposition’s successful coordination in local elections in October, parliamentary groups may only be formed by MPs elected by the same party, and independent lawmakers cannot join parliamentary groups or take part in the formation of new ones (previously, MPs were allowed to caucus again six months after leaving their parliamentary faction). National Democratic Governance rating declined from 3.25 to 3.00 due to the unchecked expansion of Prime Minister Viktor Orbán’s executive powers in response to COVID-19, the government’s lack of transparent crisis communications, its focus on enacting far-reaching changes unrelated to the pandemic, and its policy of vilifying marginalized groups. September 2018 dazu aufgefordert, wegen möglicher Verstöße gegen die Grundwerte der Union ein Verfahren gemäß Externer Link: Artikel 7 des EU-Vertrags einzuleiten. Both the government and the opposition were preparing for the 2022 parliamentary elections at year’s end. gcse.async = true; Zwar kann das Parlament diese Ermächtigung jederzeit widerrufen, die Regierung kann sich aber auf ihre Zwei-Drittel-Mehrheit stützen. This proved to be an effective technique, counteracting the government’s “rule and divide” strategy and resulting in significant gains in cities, including several traditionally right-leaning municipalities. The Democracy Percentage, introduced in 2020, is a translation of the Democracy Score to the 0-100 scale, where 0 equals least democratic and 100 equals most democratic. Angehörige von Minderheiten, wie beispielsweise die Roma, werden demnach als Teil der politischen Gemeinschaft, nicht aber als Teil der ungarischen Nation betrachtet. Prior to that, thousands demonstrated in Budapest in February for an independent judiciary and against discrimination in response to PM Orbán’s anti-Roma remarks. The Democracy Percentage, introduced in 2020, is a translation of the Democracy Score to the 0-100 scale, where 0 equals least democratic and 100 equals most democratic. In February 2019, the Hungarian government gave up on seeking EU funding for street-lightning projects run by Elios Zrt., a company co-owned by the prime minister’s son-in-law. Jedoch muss dieser Notstand verfassungsgemäß regelmäßig durch das Parlament verlängert werden. Nations in Transit — Hungary Country Report. Unsere Datenbank bietet Informationen zu mehr als 500 Print- und Onlinemedien aus über 30 Ländern mit Angaben über das politische Profil, den…, Die EU ging bislang davon aus, dass ihre Mitgliedsstaaten die verfassungsrechtlichen Bedingungen respektieren würden, die ihnen den Beitritt zur Gemeinschaft ermöglichten. Further attacks mainly targeted the LGBT+ community. Hungary remained noncompliant with the majority of recommendations made by the Group of States against Corruption (GRECO), having implemented only 5 of 18 recommendations concerning corruption risks in the judiciary and the parliament. unvollständige Demokratien, Hybridregime und autoritäre Regime. The Democracy Score is an average of ratings for the categories tracked in a given year. Die positive Auswirkung der Wiederherstellung der Teilhabe, politische Kultur. In October, the ECJ ruled that the 2017 amendment of the Higher Education Act is incompatible with EU law. Seit 2006 erscheint der Demokratieindex der Zeitschrift The Economist. In July, the National Assembly adopted a law reorganizing the network of research institutes of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA). 1850 M St. NW Floor 11 Laut Verfassung darf die Regierung für die Dauer einer Gefahrenlage per Dekret regieren, also ohne das Parlament zu konsultieren. As part of the Authorization Act, an amendment to the Criminal Code was passed that punishes with imprisonment those who spread falsehoods or distorted facts that could alarm the public during a state of emergency, or information that inhibits successful defense against the pandemic. Als Faktoren gehen in die Berechnung des Demokratie-Indexes ein: Wahlprozess und Pluralismus, Bürgerrechte, Funktionsweise der Regierung, politische Teilhabe, politische Kultur. Beide Parlamentswahlen wurden von Wahlbeobachtern als frei aber nicht fair bewertet. Interlinkages between the country’s governing and business elite are manifold, and well-illustrated by the example of Foreign Minister Péter Szijjártó, who was caught holidaying in August on the luxury yacht of Hungarian billionaire László Szíjj, a main beneficiary of public procurements under Fidesz governments. After their proposals were ignored by the foundation’s board. Aus der Sicht des neugewählten Ministerpräsidenten hatten nicht einfach die sechsten demokratischen Wahlen seit dem Systemwechsel stattgefunden, sondern eine „Revolution in den Wahlkabinen". The National Media Council, claiming technical breaches of the media law, announced in September that the broadcast license of independent radio station Klubrádió would not be renewed when it expires in February 2021 and its frequency would be put up for tender. einzige Region war, deren Werte wieder das Niveau vor der Moreover, the successes of 2019 have the possibility of encouraging similar coordination ahead of the 2022 election, increasing the opposition’s chances of defeating Orbán. "Reporter ohne Grenzen" zufolge hat die Fidesz-Partei die Medienlandschaft in den vergangenen zehn Jahren immer mehr unter ihre Kontrolle gebracht. In December, the newly elected opposition mayor of Budapest’s Józsefváros district published a number of emails showing that the news weekly funded by the municipality had been under the direct control of the former Fidesz leadership. In September, OLAF released a report recommending the repayment of nearly 4 percent—the highest rate in the EU—of all development funding that went to Hungary between 2014 and 2018 due to evidence of misuse. The Democracy Index is an index measuring democracy compiled by the Economist Intelligence Unit of the Economist Group, a UK-based private company which publishes the weekly newspaper The Economist.Akin to other democracy indices, such as V-Dem Democracy indices or Bertelsmann Transformation Index, this index attempts to measure the state of democracy and is centrally concerned with political . Kontakt/Impressum | Als Reaktion auf die Corona-Pandemie hat die ungarische Regierung am 11. Die Autokratisierung Ungarns verfestigt sich immer mehr. Für alle drei Dimensionen wird jeweils getrennt ein Index gebildet, der von 1 = geringste Ausprägung bis 10 = vollständige Ausprägung reicht - je höher desto besser. In this context, it became much harder for opposition parties to capitalize on the gains made in the 2019 local elections, whereas the government could easily continue pursuing its ideological and political agenda nationally with its two-thirds parliamentary majority. Author: Zsuzsanna Végh is a lecturer and research fellow at the Chair of Comparative Politics, European University Viadrina, and an associate researcher at the European Council on Foreign Relations. und Pluralismus, Bürgerrechte, Funktionsweise der Regierung, politische In both electoral campaigns, Fidesz-KDNP deployed a proven campaign strategy. The ratings reflect the consensus of Freedom House, its academic advisers, and the author(s) of this report. März aufgehoben. Through loyal outlets, the ruling coalition continued its permanent campaign against independent journalists, nongovernmental organizations, and academic institutions. Im Jahr 2010 verabschiedete das ungarische Parlament Externer Link: zwei neue Mediengesetze, durch die unter anderem der Quellenschutz für Journalistinnen und Journalisten gelockert wurde, die öffentlich-rechtlichen Anstalten zusammengefasst und der Mediensektor unter die Kontrolle einer nationalen Aufsichtsbehörde gestellt wurde. Die Kritik fokussiert sich zudem auf Korruption, Intransparenz und die fehlende Unabhängigkeit der Gerichte. Überblick und Prognosen zu wichtigen Trendthemen, Status quo und Prognosen zu Industrien und Märkten, Unternehmens- und Produktkennzahlen und Rankings, Verbraucherdaten und -präferenzen in verschiedenen Industrien, Detaillierte Informationen zu politischen und sozialen Themen, Wichtige Kennzahlen zu Ländern und Regionen, Marktprognosen und KPIs für über 1000 Märkte in über 190 Ländern & Gebieten, Einblicke in die Einstellungen und das Verhalten von Verbrauchern weltweit, Informationen zu über 70 Mio. In May, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) ruled that automatically rejecting asylum requests of asylum-seekers arriving through countries that the Hungarian government had declared “safe transit countries” was against EU law. Der…, Gerade einmal ein Jahr alt ist die neue Verfassung Ungarns. Throughout the year, the government’s communications on its management of the unfolding health and economic crisis were untransparent, and the same could be said of its urgent medical procurement process. The raid took place after, In the past few years, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have been operating in an increasingly hostile political environment. Despite the ECJ ruling, the latter two laws were not withdrawn in 2020. Rechtspopulistische Machthaber liegen voll im Trend! The ratings are based on a scale of 1 to 7, with 7 representing the highest level of democratic progress and 1 the lowest. An ambiguous amendment to the Criminal Code threatening imprisonment for spreading false information about COVID-19 led to self-censorship among journalists and discouraged their sources from sharing information. Mai 2010 wurde ihr Vorsitzender Interner Link: Viktor Orbán zum Ministerpräsidenten gewählt. Access to information was hampered by multiple factors. Februar, 2022). In, Bertelsmann Stiftung. Such loss of revenue hit opposition parties disproportionately hard. Das Interner Link: Europäische Parlament hat den Interner Link: Rat der Europäischen Union, in dem Fachminister aller EU-Staaten vertreten sind, am 12. According to the emails, the former mayors and an employee of the local Election Office were heavily involved in the paper’s content production. s.parentNode.insertBefore(gcse, s); Borkai, his son, and a lawyer had allegedly been involved in a corrupt real estate deal in 2012, when Immobilien Trade Center Inc., an offshore Hungarian company located in Luxembourg, made HUF 4 to 5 billion in profits by unlawfully trading publicly owned lands later purchased by Audi, and causing serious financial damage to the city of Győr. Government pressure also grew on independent media, which led to the shake-up of the Hungarian online media landscape. The ratings are based on a scale of 1 to 7, with 7 representing the highest level of democratic progress and 1 the lowest. In May 2019, the NJC proposed the removal of Tünde Handó from office, claiming that she had breached her duties and become unworthy of office. Similarly, the regional court in Miskolc turned to the Constitutional Court in November to challenge the constitutionality of the government’s amendment to the Civil Registry Act. börsen- notierten und privaten Unternehmen, Detaillierte Informationen zu mehr als 35.000 Online-Shops und Marktplätzen. Disclaimer | With financial damage amounting to HUF 1.4 billion, this is the biggest corruption case in the past few years in which charges were successfully brought. Bis dahin war sie eine ungarische Besonderheit. Local and county-level government activities have been limited to their basic services, while substantial vagueness remains regarding the tasks and competences of different levels of public administration. In September, OLAF released a report recommending the repayment of nearly 4 percent—the highest rate in the EU—of all development funding that went to Hungary between 2014 and 2018 due to evidence of misuse. Democracy Index 2022. The Hungarian media landscape continues to be dominated by progovernment media outlets operating under the umbrella of the Central European Press and Media Foundation (KESMA). Several questionable deals and measures were concluded in the shadow of the pandemic. In diesem Kapitel gebe ich eine kurze Zusammenfassung des aktuellen Standes der Demokratieforschung. Laut "Freedom House" gestaltet es sich aufgrund der strukturellen Benachteiligung für die Opposition zunehmend schwierig, einen Regierungswechsel durch Wahlen herbeizuführen. The introduction of a new limited precedent system and legal unity review procedure has strengthened the role of the Curia, Hungary’s highest court. Additionally, in November, a state of danger was announced once again, and the validity of government decrees was extended from 15 to 90 days, well into 2021. Author: Gábor Filippov is a political scientist and historian. The year 2019 started with political unrest in Hungary, followed by public disillusionment and a wave of political apathy, but ended on a high note after unexpected electoral success by the opposition. Diese Einschränkung hat das ungarische Parlament am 30. Ask Statista Research nutzen. A flare is thrown on the pitch during England's win in Hungary which was marred by abuse from the home crowd. Ein Externer Link: Bericht des Europäischen Parlaments aus dem Jahr 2018 wirft der Regierung Orbán unter anderem Angriffe auf die Unabhängigkeit der Justiz, das Recht auf freie Meinungsäußerung, die akademische Freiheit, den Minderheitenschutz und die Grundrechte von Asylsuchenden und Flüchtlingen vor. On June 16, the governing majority passed the Act on Transitional Provisions, The government continued to target various vulnerable groups for political gains. Wegen . Local Democratic Governance rating declined from 5.00 to 4.75 due to increasing centralization on the ground and preelection threats that opposition-led municipalities might lose funding. In November, the governing parties voted to abolish the Equal Treatment Authority (ETA), Hungary’s equality body, transferring its tasks and competences to the Commissioner for Fundamental Rights (Hungary’s ombudsperson), effective as of January 1, 2021. Examines national executive and legislative elections, the electoral framework, the functioning of multiparty systems, and popular participation in the political process. In 2019, the Mészáros business empire broke a record for the value of its public procurement contracts: after winning tenders to the tune of HUF 299 billion ($917 million) in 2017 and HUF 265 billion (over $812 million) in 2018, it secured over HUF 400 billion (over $1.2 billion) in 2019.