[21], At the time of Nigeria's independence (1960), food exports made up more than 70% of the country's Gross National Product (GNP). Vegetationszonen Images - Browse 59 Stock Photos, Vectors, and Video Über das Jahr verteilt gibt es 1730 mm Niederschlag. Das Wirtschaftswachstum betrug 2005 zwar 6,9 %, vor allem die Industrialisierung und Diversifizierung der Wirtschaft wird aber weiterhin durch die schwach ausgebaute Infrastruktur, Korruption, die immer wieder ausbrechenden Unruhen und die mangelhafte Wirtschaftspolitik der Regierung verhindert. Crassocephalum rubens belongs to the Comopositae family of plants. The middle two-thirds of the country, the savanna regions, contain reddish, laterite soils; they are somewhat less fertile than those of the north because they are not subject to as much seasonal drying, nor do they receive the greater rainfall that occurs in the more southerly regions. Clicking on the following button will update the content below. The bark from this plant is used by the Baka people in the country of Cameroon to stun fish during hunting. One of the Nigerian cocoyam recipes is ekpang nkwukwo, which is made with grated cocoyam, cocoyam leaves, water yam, and periwinkle. Economically valuable, the oil palm grows wild and is usually preserved when forest is cleared for cultivation. WaterLeaf is the English name for this plant. The skin of the fruit can also be eaten and used once cooked and it the fruit also contains oil that can be extracted and used. In the more densely populated parts of the southeast, the original forest vegetation has been replaced by open palm bush. These plants, as well as non-native species, have inspired traditional Nigerian dishes and distinctively regional recipes. During the third quarter of 2019, the Agriculture sector contributed 29.25% to the overall real GDP. [2] According to the FAO,[3] agriculture remains the foundation of the Nigerian economy,[4] providing livelihoods for most Nigerians and generating millions of jobs. A few years back local Nigerian companies started exporting groundnuts, cashew nuts, sesame seeds, moringa seeds, Ginger, cocoa, etc. It's a versatile recipe because it can be made with a variety of fish and meats. On the coast the mean monthly maximum temperatures are steady throughout the year, remaining about 90 °F (32 °C) at Lagos and about 91 °F (33 °C) at Port Harcourt; the mean monthly minimum temperatures are approximately 72 °F (22 °C) for Lagos and 68 °F (20 °C) for Port Harcourt. The Light Bosse, scientific name Guarea cedrata, is a species of plant that is also part of the Meliaceae Family of plants alongside the African White Mahogany. The sector is undergoing transformation through commercialization at small, medium, and large-scale enterprise levels. Otong Soup (Efik Style Okra Soup) The Efik people of Cross River, Nigeria, have a famous traditional Okra soup dish called otong soup. [37], The country's agricultural products fall into two main groups: food crops produced for home consumption, and cash crops sold for profits and also exported abroad. Recommended for you: 7 Benefits of Ugu Juice and Milk During Pregnancy. Bilma's Klima ist Wüstenähnlich. Enugu. Es besteht eine enge Verbindung zwischen den Vegetationszonen und den Klimazonen, da die Pflanzenwelt stark von den Klimafaktoren (Niederschlag und Temperatur) beeinflusst wird. Weitere Exportgüter Nigerias sind Kakao, Palmöl, Erdnüsse und Gummi; Abnehmer sind die USA (40 %), Indien und Spanien. an den Flussläufen. In Nigeria, the green-coloured type is the only one that is eaten. It's also very healthy, as the soup is mostly made up of vegetables. Due to varying update cycles, statistics can display more up-to-date Each inhabits a territory that it considers to be its own by right of first occupancy and inheritance. Banga soup is a popular dish in Nigeria's south. We are happy to help. In the lower elevations between 3,000 feet to 6,000 feet are covered by montane forests while at higher elevations, the flora consists of patches of grassland, bamboo forest, and shrublands. Characteristic landforms in this region include oxbow lakes, river meander belts (see meander), and prominent levees. Die Vogelwelt Nigerias umfasst verschiedene Papageienarten, Greifvögel und Weihen. Nigeria has a tropical climate with variable rainy and dry seasons, depending on location. For Nigerians, boli-roasted plantain is a delectable snack, particularly when served with groundnut or pepper sauce. It is known as "afang" by the Efik and Ibibio peoples, and "okazi" by the Igbo people. 1 200 m), auf dem das Jos-Gebirge (bis 1 780 m) liegt. Get the best reports to understand your industry. You Can Watch: How to prepare delicious Oha Soup. It may be annual or perennial with a limited lifespan. 'Sokoyokoto' literally translates to "making hubby fat.". Recommended for you: Nutritional value of Green amaranth vegetables, Below is the list of most of the common vegetables in Nigeria. Otong soup is identical to Ila Alasepo, a Yoruba okra soup. A short way inland, the swamps give way to dense tropical rainforests. [Vgl. However, over the centuries Nigerians have utilized agricultural techniques such as slash and burn, intercropping, and the use of shallow planting implements to cope with the shortcomings of the soil. [35], Major crops include beans, rice, sesame, cashew nuts, cassava, cocoa beans, groundnuts, gum arabic, kolanut, cocoa, maize (corn), melon, millet, palm kernels, palm oil, plantains, rice, rubber, sorghum, soybeans, bananas and yams. Search from thousands of royalty-free Vegetationszonen stock images and video for your next project. Die Legislative liegt bei der Nationalversammlung, die aus zwei Kammern besteht: Der Senat verfügt über 109 Sitze, wobei jeder Bundesstaat drei Senatoren und die Hauptstadt Abuja einen Senator stellt; die Mitglieder werden für vier Jahre gewählt. The species grows in moist semi-deciduous forest and in the undisturbed drier areas of moist evergreen forests. Bola Tinubu has taken office as Nigeria's president amidst a difficult time for the country, with some citizens hopeful for a better future and others uncertain of his ability to lead. Recommended for you: 7 Nigerian Foods for Ulcer Patients. Fresh entire catfish is used in the original nsala soup recipe, which gives it its particular taste. The Ube is a evergreen tree that grows to be anywhere between 59 to 131 feet tall (18 to 40 meters) in the wild, but grows to be no taller than 39 feet (12 meters) when cultivated by humans on plantations. Cahiers d'Outre-Mer 46/183:297-324. Nganda Coffee, scientific name Coffea canephora, is a species of coffee plant that is part of the flowering plants in Family Rubiaceae. Nigerian Gross Domestic Product Report Q3 2019, National Bureau of Statistics. It's also known as white soup owing to the lack of palm oil, which gives it a pale hue. Das im Nordosten gelegene Bornu-Plateau senkt sich ab zum Tschadsee, im Nordosten liegen die Ausläufer des Adamawa-Hochlands mit dem höchsten Berg Nigerias, dem Vogel Peak mit 2 042 m. Die größte Stadt des Landes mit rund 8,8 Millionen Einwohnern im Stadtgebiet ist Lagos am Golf von Guinea, die bis 1991 auch Hauptstadt Nigerias war (seit 1991 Abuja). Additionally, 18 million hectares were classified as permanent pasture but had the potential to support crops, and most of the 20 million hectares covered by forests and woodlands were believed to have agricultural potential. Botanically, Ocimum gratissimum belongs to the Labiatae family. Tips and Advice. It covers, among others, institutional reforms and incentives for technological development at the local level. Moimoi, also known as moin-moin, is a steaming bean pudding prepared with ground-pealed beans, pepper, and onions. Banga soup, or ofe akwu as it is affectionately known by the Igbos, is a kind of stew cooked from palm fruit that is commonly served with rice. Callaloo (African Spinach) is the English name for this plant. 7 große Vegetationszonen in Nigeria | AtlanticRide Afrika Klima- und Vegetationszonen by Test Test - Prezi In January 2016, agricultural exports raked in N4.1billions which then rose to N25 billion by January 2017. ""Ebolo" is a rare vegetable that is only available following the advent of the new yam, which is late in the rainy season. The forest soils represent the third zone. The coastal areas are drained by short rivers that flow into the Gulf of Guinea. The Yorubas refer to it as "sokoyokoto," implying that the vegetable plant is regarded in high regard. Also known as: Federal Republic of Nigeria, Professor of History, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. "Talinum Triangulare, Family Portulacaeae," Botanically. In the eastern portion of Nigeria, Ofe nsala (nsala soup) is a popular soup. (2008): Die Ökozonen der Erde, Stuttgart S. 95) State Background Checks - What Are the Rules for Employee Screening? The rivers contain crocodiles, hippopotamuses, and a great variety of fishes. Climate of Nigeria - Encyclopedia Britannica The majority of Nigerians residing abroad who are from the north adore and miss this cuisine. African Economic Research Consortium (AERC), Nairobi, Kenya. Für die ländliche Bevölkerung sind Grundschulen oft nur schwer erreichbar. Pollen distribution patterns ofPinus, Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae, and Asteraceae Tubuliflorae trace atmospheric transport by the northeast trades. Noch immer leben 60 % der Bevölkerung unterhalb der Armutsgrenze. Umweltfaktoren sind. The inclusion of Ugu leaves, which isn't required in the production of Ila Alasepo, is the main distinction. Cocoa is the leading non-oil foreign exchange earner but the dominance of smallholders and lack of farm labour due to urbanization hold back production, some other factors holding back the production of cocoa include, poor financing, lack of a coordinating body and low uptake of newer varieties of seedlings to rehabilitate old and cultivate new plantations, appear very prominent as identified by various stakeholders. It is one of the most delectable cuisines in Nigeria's northern region. The country has abundant natural resources, notably large deposits of petroleum and natural gas. There are certain steps that can be taken to try and help support these and other native plants that grow in Nigeria. (2018). It is supposed to have travelled from Asia to West Africa in the past. Vegetationszonen & Klimazonen einfach erklärt! - YouTube Tuwo is a mushy rice dish with a spicy sauce. This delicious and simple comfort dish takes only a few items and voilà! The soils in the northern states of Kano and Sokoto, however, are not subject to leaching and are therefore easily farmed. from the sub-national FREL that Nigeria submitted to UNFCCC in 2018. Even if one does not donate money, just being better educated on the issues and finding out other ways that you can help trees and plants in Nigeria and around the world makes a big difference. 100, 1956. Rund 50 % der Bevölkerung sind Anhänger des Islam, die zumeist im Norden des Landes wohnen. This edible plant's leaves are eaten raw in salads or cooked in soups and sauces. This allows the country to have some contrast in the plants species that grow their. Another scheme is the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Act from 2016, which offers incentives to farmers and other professionals throughout the entire agricultural supply chain. Im Norden grenzt das Land an Niger und den Tschad, im Osten an Kamerun, im Süden an den Golf von Guinea und im Westen an Benin. The ethnic peoples of southern and southeastern Nigeria are huge fans of this vegetable. Die Wirtschaft Nigerias hatte in den Jahren der Militärherrschaft durch Korruption und Misswirtschaft starke Einbußen zu verzeichnen. Classic entrees such as pounded yams, pepper soup, and jollof rice arose from the gardens in Nigeria to bring a bold, spicy flavor and distinctive taste to the palates of local ethnic groups as well as world travelers. Tropical grassland occupies the area north of the forest belt and is studded with baobab, tamarind, and locust bean trees. Loose sandy soils consisting of wind-borne deposits and riverine sands are found in the northern regions, although, in areas where there is a marked dry season, a dense surface layer of laterite develops, making these soils difficult to cultivate. Agriculture exports for the first 6 months of 2020 were N204.45 billion, which concerns that productivity is increasing in the sector to enable export growth. These Nigerian delicacies have brought us together as a country. Agriculture in Nigeria - statistics and facts | Statista Hundreds of languages are spoken in the country, including Yoruba, Igbo, Fula, Hausa, Edo, Ibibio, Tiv, and English. Rodents such as squirrels, porcupines, and cane rats constitute the largest family of mammals. In general, the length of the rainy season decreases from south to north. Although these soils can readily be leached and lose their fertility, they are the most productive agriculturally. In Nigeria, the institute that has valuable information about oil palm is the Nigeria Institute for Oil Palm Research. Die Vegetationszonen sind geprägt vom Klima, das in den einzelnen Zonen herrscht. African basil is said to have analgesic properties, which is why it's an important element of postnatal meals. In den Küstengebieten herrschen Mangrovenwälder und Sumpfgebiete vor. Member, National Population Commission, Lagos. Nigerians are well-known for their jollof rice. The leaves' mineral content is reported to be rather high (21.8 per cent). Efo riro is a traditional Yoruba dish from Western Nigeria. liegen in Wild- und Nationalparks (wie z.B. Klima und Vegetation Russlands von Sandro Wandera und Michael Stöckl 2. 2. [26], In addition to smaller productions of other agricultural products. Having been tired of my native flavours, I had to venture into other Vegetables in Nigeria, trying their recipes and a lot more. Cooked, in salads, and in soups, the vegetable is consumed. Ukwa can be made with maize or the authentic traditional method of mashing it (ukwa agworoagwo). The Niger delta is a vast low-lying region through which the waters of the Niger River drain into the Gulf of Guinea. Today these animals can be found only in such protected places as the Yankari National Park in Bauchi state, Gashaka Gumti National Park in Taraba state, Kainji Lake National Park in Kwara state (see Kainji Lake), and Cross River National Park in Cross River state. Hiervon sind vor allem Arten aus dem tropischen Regenwald betroffen. Botanically: Solanum macrocarpon, Family: Solanaceae. Agricultural Transformation Agenda: Repositioning agriculture to drive Nigeria’s economy. Impressum           Kontakt          Mediadaten           Datenschutz           Haftungsausschluss            Copyright, https://www.wissen-digital.de/index.php?title=Nigeria&oldid=216464, Wie die richtige Employer Value Proposition bei Fachkräftemangel hilft, Ex zurückgewinnen: Effektive Methoden und Ratschläge für eine erfolgreiche Versöhnung, Der ultimative Ratgeber: So wählen Sie das richtige Umzugsunternehmen für einen reibungslosen Umzug, Die zahlreichen Aspekte eines gesunden Lebensstils. Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: Get quick analyses with our professional research service. Die bedeutendsten sind die Völker der Haussa und Fulani im Norden des Landes mit zusammen 30 %, die Yoruba (Joruba) mit 21 % im Südwesten und die Ibo (18 %) und Ibibio im Südosten. The characteristic landforms of the plateaus are high plains with broad, shallow valleys dotted with numerous hills or isolated mountains, called inselbergs; the underlying rocks are crystalline, although sandstones appear in river areas. 1. Temperature and humidity remain relatively constant throughout the year in the south, while the seasons vary considerably in the north; during the northern dry season the daily temperature range becomes great as well. [23], In the 1970s, the Nigerian government promoted the use of inorganic fertilizers to address the issue. In general, mean maximum temperatures are higher in the north, while mean minimum temperatures are lower. Jahresdurchschnitt bei 25.8 °C. I carry out deep research on every topic I choose to write about. Prior to the Nigerian civil war, the country was self-sufficient in food but increased steeply after 1973. You may even find Nigerian vegetables so delectable that you want to try your hand at planting a Nigerian inspired garden bed. The most noticeable distinction is that African blue basil leaves start off purple while young, becoming green only when the leaf reaches full size, and even then, the veins remain purple. Afang (Ibibio), Okazi are the local names (Igbo). Kainjisee-Nationalpark), doch scheinen die Schutzmaßnahmen nicht ausreichend zu sein bzw. The plant is mostly grown for its bitter leaves; the fruits are eaten infrequently but are mostly stored for propagation reasons. The mild bitterness is offset by the addition of ground melon and sauces while it is cooking. It is a Nigerian food recipe that originated in the states of Cross River and Akwa Ibom in the south-eastern part of the country. Vernonia amygdalina (botanical name) is a member of the Compositae family of plants. Nigeria is bordered to the north by Niger, to the east by Chad and Cameroon, to the south by the Gulf of Guinea of the Atlantic Ocean, and to the west by Benin. Staatspräsident und Regierungschef ist seit 2007 Umaru Yar'Adua, der für vier Jahre vom Volk gewählt wurde (einmalige Wiederwahl möglich). Afrika Klima- und Vegetationszonen. Adesina, A. Download royalty-free stock photos, vectors, HD footage and more on Adobe Stock. Ora (oha) soup is unique in that the tender ora leaves used in this soup recipe are only available during certain seasons, unlike their bitter leaf counterpart, which is available all year. [54] To achieve this agenda the government implemented several measures: Recently, the Central Bank of Nigeria began the Anchors-Borrow program[55] to encourage the cultivation of certain crops, especially rice. Ugu is said to provide a number of nutritional and health advantages, although there isn't much evidence to back this up. Abacha and ugba are known as African salads and they may be eaten as a meal or snack, many eat them as a meal since it fills up the stomach just like any other meal. The Hausa people of northern Nigeria cook it according to custom. Eröffnung der ersten Internationalen Berliner Filmfestspiele "Berlinale". In Nigeria trat 1999 eine neue Verfassung in Kraft. In der Mitte der flachen Küstenregion liegt das große Delta des Niger, der sich weiter im Norden mit dem Flusslauf des Benue verbunden hat und hier in den Golf von Guinea mündet. . PDF Vegetationsgebiete der Erde - Springer By signing up, you agree to the our terms and our Privacy Policy agreement. (2012, November 1). Es ist der bevölkerungsreichste Staat des Kontinents. Mehr Videos auf. One can look into organizations in Nigeria, Africa or a international group whose goal it is to help preserve trees that are endangered or who work to replant trees that are cut down for food or timber. Vegetationszonen der USA - The-German-American The leaves have high water content and are succulent. data than referenced in the text. It is broader than the term flora which refers to species composition.Perhaps the closest synonym is plant community, but vegetation can, and . 48. Maiduguri. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. It's often served with ogi (spicy kimchi), bread, and cornstarch (agidi or eko). Nganda is one of the two main varieties of the Coffea canephora plant. 1. Soils in Nigeria, and in Africa generally, are usually of a poorer quality than those in other regions of the world. Nigerians both at home and abroad like this snack. In the precolonial period the country normally produced enough agricultural commodities to feed its population, and it even maintained a surplus for export. Despite having fertile land, food output in Nigeria declined, and per capita food production also decreased, leading to a more than sevenfold increase in grain imports. Die einst sehr artenreiche Tierwelt Nigerias wurde entsprechend der Einschränkung ihres Lebensraumes stark dezimiert. Hundreds of languages are spoken in the country, including Yoruba, Igbo, Fula, Hausa, Edo, Ibibio, Tiv, and English. They consider the city of Ile-Ife their ancestral home and the deity Oduduwa their progenitor. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Tel: + Technical Departments: Agriculture (Trees and Crops), Fisheries, Livestock, Land Resources, Fertilizer, Food Reserve & Storage and Rural Development. However, over the years, the rate of exportation of these products has decreased. The FG of Nigeria has also closed its land borders in other to curtail rice imports and encourage local production.[56][57]. The region is inhabited by some endemic animal and bird species. In der weiter nördlich gelegenen Trockensavanne finden sich nur noch vereinzelte Bäume, z.B. How much is a full set of veneers in the US? Botanically, Gnetum africanum belongs to the Gnetaceae family. Basella alba is the botanical name, Family Basellaceae, This plant is native to Afro-Asia. The post features more than just the veggies, it’s botanical names, local names, which meal there are used with, and more. Die Säuglingssterblichkeit beträgt 10 %; aufgrund der großen Zahl an HIV-Infizierten (5,5 %) und der Verbreitung anderer Infektionskrankheiten wie Hepatitis, Malaria und Meningitis liegt die mittlere Lebenserwartung bei nur 47 Jahren. Maybe it's because of the iru (, One of Nigeria's traditional morning delicacies is Akara with pap. This text provides general information. Prolonged fighting in Nigeria between farmers and herdsmen is becoming more deadly, Nigerian Afrobeat star Seun Kuti, who is facing trial on on charges of assaulting a police officer, will embark on a delayed concert tour after being released on bail, his manager said Wednesday, Nigerian President Muhammadu Buhari has opened Africa’s biggest oil refinery, with hopes it will help the country achieve self-sufficiency and become a net exporter of refined petroleum products. Natural Vegetation Zones in the United States by Michael Hager - Prezi 1 800 mm gemessen. Vegetationszonen. Die Bewohner gehören über 250 verschiedenen ethnischen Gruppen an. Mitt., Bd. The flavour profile is modest, with a mucilaginous texture (similar to aloe vera). Noch immer sind über zwei Drittel der Bevölkerung im Agrarsektor beschäftigt, der jedoch meist eine reine Subsistenzwirtschaft darstellt. Camels, antelopes, hyenas, lions, baboons, and giraffes once inhabited the entire savanna region, and red river hogs, forest elephants, and chimpanzees lived in the rainforest belt. Es ist der bevölkerungsreichste Staat des Kontinents. Updates? Ecological Regions Of Nigeria - WorldAtlas Nigeria hat eine Fläche von 923 768 km2 und liegt an der Westküste Afrikas. River basin development projects have created many large man-made lakes, including Lake Kainji on the Niger and Lake Bakolori on the Rima River. Rainfall decreases progressively away from the coast; the far north receives no more than 20 inches (500 mm) a year. How Is Climate Change Impacting The Water Cycle. [50], The palms industry constitutes a significant sector of the Nigerian economy, providing food and raw materials for the Food, Cosmetics, Pharmaceuticals, Plastics and the Bio-energy industries. Google Scholar Anhuf D, Frankenberg P (1993) Etude du changement végétal saisonnier au Sénégal. Die Industrie, die primär mit der Weiterverarbeitung des Rohöls befasst ist, beschäftigt nur ein Zehntel der nigerianischen Bevölkerung, erwirtschaftet aber über die Hälfte des Bruttoinlandsprodukts. 12 Tips to Get Long Hair – A Definitive Guide. It is indigenous to the Efik people of Akwa Ibom and the Nigerian cross-river states, but it is enjoyed by all. Akara is also a popular street dish, with vendors frying them at all hours of the day. The vegetable does not appear in great numbers on the market like the others, but it is prized by the Yoruba people. immerfeucht For most Nigerians, the bitter leaf is an essential vegetable; it can be found in many markets throughout the year and is often grown in home gardens. Im Süden herrscht das Christentum vor, rund ein Viertel der Gesamtbevölkerung ist protestantisch, ca. Mandrill, Gorilla), Meerkatzenarten, Waldbüffel, Okapis, Leoparden und Pinselohrschweine. The Niger River, for which the country is named, and the Benue, its largest tributary, are the principal rivers. Suya is a spicy beef dish that is popular in West Africa. Drivers are lining up at gas stations across Nigeria after the country's new leader scrapped a subsidy program that has helped reduce the price of fuel. Akara is a processed ground. The exportation sector's monthly earns improved in 4 years. Located on the West coast of Africa, Nigeria is home to a variety of native vegetables and fruits. Cuttings and seeds are both easily propagated, and the plant grows quickly and has a short life cycle. Jollof rice is a must-have at every Nigerian gathering! Along with crude oil, Nigeria relies on the agricultural products it exports to generate most of its national revenue. The plant grows around to be 32.8 feet (10 meters) tall and it flowers infrequency, although when it does it takes between ten to eleven months fro the cherries to ripen on the plant. The Efik people of Cross River, Nigeria, have a famous traditional Okra soup dish called otong soup. Read Also: 7 Nigerian Foods Rich in Calcium. A short way inland, the swamps give way to dense tropical rainforests. Domestic production of livestock products is far below the national demand, resulting in large imports of livestock and livestock products. Animals found in both forest and savanna included leopards, golden cats, monkeys, gorillas, and wild pigs. federal republic with two legislative houses (Senate [109]; House of Representatives [360]), Kingdoms and empires of precolonial Nigeria, Controversies surrounding the 2007 presidential election, Nigeria under Umaru Musa Yar’Adua and Goodluck Jonathan, The 2015 elections and electorate concerns, Recession, fight against corruption, and insecurity, Central Intelligence Agency - The World Factbook - Nigeria, Official Site of the Embassy of Nigeria in Seoul, South Korea, Official Site of the Embassy of Nigeria in Germany, Official Site of the Embassy of Nigeria in Vienna, National Geographic Kids - Countries - Nigeria, Official Site of the Embassy of Nigeria in Stockholm, Sweden, Nigeria - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Nigeria - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Drivers line up for gasoline across Nigeria after new president scraps fuel subsidy, Bola Tinubu sworn in as Nigeria's president amid hopes, skepticism, In Nigeria’s hard-hit north, families seek justice as armed groups seek control, Released on bail, Nigeria’s Kuti to begin concert tour amid assault trial, Nigeria opens Africa’s biggest oil refinery as it tries to boost struggling sector. Environmental control of pollen grain distribution patterns in the Gulf ...
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